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Within mainland Spain, it appears predominantly in Almería, with the city of Almería bordering a hot desert climate categorization (Köppen: BWh) as the average temperature is 19.1 °C (66.4 °F) and the average precipitation is approximately 200mm. [32]
The following list is the highest average mean maximum temperatures ever recorded in Spain, above 39.4 °C (102.9 °F). Cities in the interior of southern Spain recorded the highest average mean maximums temperatures ever in all of Europe. [26] [27]
Barcelona's average annual temperature is 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) during the day and 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) at night. In the coldest month, January, the temperature typically ranges from 12 to 18 °C (54 to 64 °F) during the day and 6 to 12 °C (43 to 54 °F) at night.
However, the climate of these Spanish cities is very different, as Valencia is located at the seaside; Madrid is located in the approximate middle of the inland plateau. Valencia has much warmer winters (data from January, the coldest month): Valencia: 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) during the day and 7.1 °C (44.8 °F) at night
Madrid, as well as the rest of Spain (except the Canary Islands), are in the UTC +1 time zone and UTC +2 in summer time. Sunrise and sunset occur relatively late compared to other countries in southern Europe or even slightly higher latitudes. Madrid enjoys one of the most optimal number of hours of daylight in Europe.
UK’s Met Office points out sharply contrasting weather in different parts of continent
Islam’s expansion led to an explosion in Córdoba’s population and, when the city’s rulers had outgrown it, the construction of Medina Azahara, the so-called “shining city”.
Spain is one of the countries that is most affected by the climate change in Europe. In Spain, which already has a hot and dry climate, extreme events such as heatwaves are becoming increasingly frequent. [100] [101] The country is also experiencing more episodes of drought and increased severity of these episodes. [102]