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The Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parent Rating Scale (SNAP), developed by James Swanson, Edith Nolan and William Pelham, is a 90-question self-report inventory designed to measure attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in children and young adults. [1]
ADHD inattentive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 1–9, and score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section. ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 10–18, and a score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate.
The ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) is a parent-report or teacher-report inventory created by George J. DuPaul, Thomas J. Power, Arthur D. Anastopoulos, and Robert Reid [1] consisting of 18–90 questions regarding a child's behavior over the past 6 months. [1]
For any question they do not know the answer to, respondents are asked to write "DK" for "don't know". The behavioral rating scale takes 5–10 minutes to complete and is designed for use with children ages 5 and up. The scores of the scale have been shown to be reliable and valid across multiple different study samples. [2] [3]
Adolescents with severe ADHD would likely benefit most from both medication and behavioral treatment. Younger children should go through behavioral treatment before being treated with medication. Another recommended form of treatment for children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD would be counseling from a mental health professional.