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A calibration curve plot showing limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), dynamic range, and limit of linearity (LOL).. In analytical chemistry, a calibration curve, also known as a standard curve, is a general method for determining the concentration of a substance in an unknown sample by comparing the unknown to a set of standard samples of known concentration. [1]
A simple Job Plot showing how a physical property (P) changes upon changing the mole fraction of compound A (Χ A). In solutions where two species are present (i.e. species A and species B), one species (A) may bind to the other species (B). In some cases, more than one A will bind with a single B.
For example, if the feed is a saturated liquid, q = 1 and the slope of the q-line is infinite (drawn as a vertical line). As another example, if the feed is saturated vapor, q = 0 and the slope of the q-line is 0 (a horizontal line). [2] The typical McCabe–Thiele diagram in Figure 1 uses a q-line representing a partially vaporized feed.
A typical titration curve of a diprotic acid, oxalic acid, titrated with a strong base, sodium hydroxide.Both equivalence points are visible. Titrations are often recorded on graphs called titration curves, which generally contain the volume of the titrant as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable (because it changes depending on the composition of the ...
Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...
In chemical graph theory and in mathematical chemistry, a molecular graph or chemical graph is a representation of the structural formula of a chemical compound in terms of graph theory. A chemical graph is a labeled graph whose vertices correspond to the atoms of the compound and edges correspond to chemical bonds.
Figure 2 gives an example; in this example, the two x-intercepts differ by about 0.2 mL but this is a small discrepancy, given the large equivalence volume (0.5% error). Similar equations can be written for the titration of a weak base by strong acid (Gran, 1952; Harris, 1998).
For example, the blood/gas partition coefficient of a general anesthetic measures how easily the anesthetic passes from gas to blood. [5] Partition coefficients can also be defined when one of the phases is solid , for instance, when one phase is a molten metal and the second is a solid metal, [ 6 ] or when both phases are solids. [ 7 ]