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Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipes are well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.
From the 14th century onwards, bagpipes start to appear in the historical records of European countries, however half the mentions come from England suggesting Bagpipes were more common in England. Bagpipes are mentioned in English literature as early as The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer , written between the 1380s and 1390s.
The pastoral bagpipe may have been the invention of an expert instrument maker who was aiming at the Romantic market. The pastoral pipes, and later union pipes, were certainly a favourite of the upper classes in Scotland, Ireland and the North-East of England and were fashionable for a time in formal social settings, where the term "union pipes ...
For example, on some old chanters the D and high G would be somewhat sharp. According to Forsyth (1935), [10] the C and F holes were traditionally bored exactly midway between those for B and D and those for E and G, respectively, resulting in approximately a quarter-tone difference from just intonation, somewhat like a "blue" note in jazz. [11]
Three holes are made – the one is left open at the neck and two are made at the top. The iemutnis is a small maple pipe gradually narrowing toward the top. It is used to blow air inside the bag. It is inserted through the right front leg or the hole in the upper part of the bag and the skin is sealed by tying it tightly with thin rope.
The second full-page plate illustrates a more developed form of the musette, where a grand chalumeau with five keys is complemented by a petit chalumeau with six keys. Jacques Hotteterre 's Méthode (1738) illustrates the most usual final form of the instrument; the six-key petit chalumeau is the same as de Scellery's, but the grand chalumeau ...
The tabor pipe has two finger holes and one thumb hole. In the English tradition, these three holes play the same notes as the bottom three holes of a tin whistle , or tone, tone, semitone. Other tabor pipes, such as the French galoubet, the Picco pipe , the Basque txistu and xirula , the Aragonese chiflo or the Andalusian gaita of Huelva and ...
The finger-holes include three for the left hand and four for the right, as well as one at the back for the left thumb. The chanter's tonic is played with the top six holes and the thumb hole covered by fingers. Starting at the bottom and (in the Galician fingering pattern) progressively opening holes creates the diatonic scale.