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Instead, plasma cells are identified through flow cytometry by their additional expression of CD138, CD78, and the Interleukin-6 receptor. In humans, CD27 is a good marker for plasma cells; naïve B cells are CD27−, memory B-cells are CD27+ and plasma cells are CD27++. [5] The surface antigen CD138 (syndecan-1) is expressed at high levels. [6]
CD19 is widely expressed during all phases of B cell development until terminal differentiation into plasma cells. During B cell lymphopoiesis, CD19 surface expression starts during immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement, which coincides during B lineage commitment from hematopoietic stem cell. [8]
CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase, is a glycoprotein [5] found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4 +, CD8 +, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling. [6]
The niche for long-lived plasma cells is a subject of ongoing research, and while some aspects are understood, many questions remain. LLPCs are not inherently long-lived, and their survival relies on accessing specific pro-survival niches in the bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs, mucosal tissues, and sites of inflammation.
The GC B cells that differentiate into plasma cells are B cells that show high affinity for the antigen. [3] [6] When GC B cells receive help from T follicular helper cells, there is an interaction between CD40 (expressed on the B cell) and CD40L (expressed on the T follicular helper cell), which increases the activation of NF-kB in the B cell.
This is a list of immune cells, also known as white blood cells, white cells, ... Plasma cell: Lymphocyte: B cell: Plasma B cells; Effector B cells; Plasmocytus; 8-10
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
The plasma membrane of a cell has multiple functions. These include transporting nutrients into the cell, allowing waste to leave, preventing materials from entering the cell, averting needed materials from leaving the cell, maintaining the pH of the cytosol, and preserving the osmotic pressure of the cytosol. Transport proteins which allow ...