Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
International obligation – maintenance of socio-economic obligation, cultural exchange etc. (these are indirect expenses of government) 4) Wars and social crises – fighting among people and communities, and prolonged drought or unemployment, earthquake, hurricanes or tornadoes may lead to an increase in public expenditure of a country.
A deficit is the difference between government spending and revenues. The accumulation of deficits over time is the total public debt. Deficit finance allows governments to smooth tax burdens over time and gives governments an important fiscal policy tool. Deficits can also narrow the options of successor governments.
The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance, [1] public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For a government that uses accrual accounting (rather than cash accounting ) the budget balance is calculated using only spending on current ...
A fundamental difference between cash accounting and accrual accounting is the treatment of capital, such as equipment, buildings and public infrastructure. [ 7 ] : 105 Under accrual accounting in the public sector, expenditure on capital is not included in net operating expense in the year it is purchased.
In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer owes the holder a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date and interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time. [1])
A simple examination of expenditures does not do justice to the complex relationships between the federal government and the states and localities. In some cases, the federal government pays [16] for a program and gives broad discretion to the states as to how to carry out the mandate. In other cases, the federal government essentially dictates ...
The difference between revenues and expenditures during a year is either a surplus or a deficit. Since making a profit is not the purpose of a government, a significant surplus generally means a choice between tax cuts or spending increases. A significant deficit will result in spending cuts or borrowing.
In the 12th and 13th centuries, within the crusader states, the ruling class, known collectively as the Franks, displayed a remarkable proficiency in financial management and governance. This was largely due to their ability to inherit and utilize existing administrative systems established by their Arab and Greek predecessors.