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Boron carbide was discovered in the 19th century as a by-product of reactions involving metal borides, but its chemical formula was unknown. It was not until the 1930s that the chemical composition was estimated as B 4 C. [4] Controversy remained as to whether or not the material had this exact 4:1 stoichiometry, as, in practice the material is always slightly carbon-deficient with regard to ...
Boron carbide (B 4 C) B 13 C 2. This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2016) α-tetragonal boron. α-tetragonal boron is a boron-rich ...
Boron carbide's ability to absorb neutrons without forming long-lived radionuclides (especially when doped with extra boron-10) makes the material attractive as an absorbent for neutron radiation arising in nuclear power plants. [100] Nuclear applications of boron carbide include shielding, control rods and shut-down pellets.
Boron carbide, B 4 C, on the other hand, has an unusual structure which includes icosahedral boron units linked by carbon atoms. In this respect boron carbide is similar to the boron rich borides. Both silicon carbide (also known as carborundum) and boron carbide are very hard materials and refractory. Both materials are important industrially.
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Organoboron chemicals have been employed in uses as diverse as boron carbide (see below), a complex very hard ceramic composed of boron-carbon cluster anions and cations, to carboranes, carbon-boron cluster chemistry compounds that can be halogenated to form reactive structures including carborane acid, a superacid.
Boron carbide Crystal structure of B 6 O. Other hard boron-rich compounds include B 4 C and B 6 O. Amorphous a-B 4 C has a hardness of about 50 GPa, which is in the range of superhardness. [55] It can be looked at as consisting of boron icosahedra-like crystals embedded in an amorphous medium.
The wide absorption spectrum of boron also makes it suitable as a neutron shield. The mechanical properties of boron in its elementary form are unsuitable, and therefore alloys or compounds have to be used instead. Common choices are high-boron steel and boron carbide. The latter is used as a control rod material in both PWRs and BWRs.