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  2. Solar-cell efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency

    Solar-cell efficiency is the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell. The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system , in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system.

  3. Shockley–Queisser limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shockley–Queisser_limit

    The Shockley–Queisser limit, zoomed in near the region of peak efficiency. In a traditional solid-state semiconductor such as silicon, a solar cell is made from two doped crystals, one an n-type semiconductor, which has extra free electrons, and the other a p-type semiconductor, which is lacking free electrons, referred to as "holes."

  4. Thermodynamic efficiency limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_efficiency_limit

    Solar cells with multiple band gap absorber materials improve efficiency by dividing the solar spectrum into smaller bins where the thermodynamic efficiency limit is higher for each bin. [2] The thermodynamic limits of such cells (also called multi-junction cells, or tandem cells) can be analyzed using and online simulator in nanoHUB.

  5. Theory of solar cells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_solar_cells

    For most crystalline silicon solar cells the change in V OC with temperature is about −0.50%/°C, though the rate for the highest-efficiency crystalline silicon cells is around −0.35%/°C. By way of comparison, the rate for amorphous silicon solar cells is −0.20 to −0.30%/°C, depending on how the cell is made.

  6. Air mass (solar energy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_mass_(solar_energy)

    This apparently counter-intuitive result arises simply because silicon cells can't make much use of the high energy radiation which the atmosphere filters out. As illustrated below, even though the efficiency is lower at AM0 the total output power (P out) for a typical solar cell is still highest at AM0. Conversely, the shape of the spectrum ...

  7. Solar energy conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy_conversion

    Scientists used solar cells constructed of highly conductive photovoltaic materials such as gallium, indium, phosphide and gallium arsenide that increased total efficiency by over 30%. By the end of the century, scientists created a special type of solar cells that converted upwards of 36% of the sunlight it collected into usable energy.

  8. Solar cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

    Solar cells degrade over time and lose their efficiency. Solar cells in extreme climates, such as desert or polar, are more prone to degradation due to exposure to harsh UV light and snow loads respectively. [177] Usually, solar panels are given a lifespan of 25–30 years before they get decommissioned. [178]

  9. Panel generation factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel_generation_factor

    Panel generation factor (PGF) [1] is used while calculating the size of solar photovoltaic cells. It is a varying factor depending upon the climate of the site location (depending upon global geographic location). For example, in Thailand it is 3.43, in EU countries it is 2.93, etc. This factor is used in calculation of "Total Watt-Peak Rating ...