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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. Family of Unix-like operating systems This article is about the family of operating systems. For the kernel, see Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation). Operating system Linux Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux Developer Community contributors, Linus Torvalds Written ...
The term GNU/Linux or GNU+Linux is used by the FSF and its supporters to refer to an operating system where the Linux kernel is distributed with a GNU system software. Such distributions are the primary installed base of GNU packages and programs and also of Linux. The most notable official use of this term for a distribution is Debian GNU/Linux.
Whether the combination of GNU libraries with external kernels is a GNU operating system with a kernel (e.g. GNU with Linux), because the GNU collection renders the kernel into a usable operating system as understood in modern software development, or whether the kernel is an operating system unto itself with a GNU layer on top (i.e. Linux with ...
The packaging of GNU tools, together with the Linux kernel and other programs, is usually called a Linux distribution (distro). The GNU Project calls the combination of GNU and the Linux kernel "GNU/Linux", and asks others to do the same, [34] resulting in the GNU/Linux naming controversy. Most Linux distros combine GNU packages with a Linux ...
Referring to the complete system as simply "Linux" is common usage. However, the Free Software Foundation, and many others, advocate the use of the term "GNU/Linux", saying that it is a more accurate name for the whole operating system. [36] Linux adoption grew among businesses and governments in the 1990s and 2000s.
GNU/Linux naming controversy: An article on the controversy of the GNU/Linux name. Linux: History and information on the Linux Operating System. Linux From Scratch: A book about how to build Linux from its source. List of Linux distributions: A long list of many different distributions for Linux. Linux International: Information on Linux ...
1991: The Linux kernel is publicly announced on 25 August by the 21-year-old Finnish student Linus Benedict Torvalds. [17] Version 0.01 is released publicly on 17 September. [67] 1992: The Linux kernel is relicensed under the GNU GPL. The first Linux distributions are created. 1993: Over 100 developers work on the Linux kernel.
Over the next few years, several suggestions arose for naming operating systems using the Linux kernel and GNU components. In 1992, the Yggdrasil Linux distribution adopted the name "Linux/GNU/X". In Usenet and mailing-list discussions, one can find usages of "GNU/Linux" as early as 1992, [13] and of "GNU+Linux" as early as 1993. [14]