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The perioperative period is the period of a patient's surgical procedure. [1] It commonly includes ward admission, anesthesia, surgery, and recovery.Perioperative may refer to the three phases of surgery: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative, though it is a term most often used for the first and third of these only - a term which is often specifically utilized to imply 'around' the ...
Beginning in the 1840s, European surgery began to change dramatically in character with the discovery of effective and practical anesthetic chemicals such as ether, first used by the American surgeon Crawford Long (1815–1878), and chloroform, discovered by James Young Simpson (1811–1870) and later pioneered in England by John Snow (1813 ...
[58] [59] [60] Before the surgery, he administered an oral anesthetic potion, probably dissolved in wine, in order to induce a state of unconsciousness and partial neuromuscular blockade. [58] The exact composition of mafeisan, similar to all of Hua Tuo's clinical knowledge, was lost when he burned his manuscripts, just before his death. [61]
1827 – 1912 – Joseph Lister antiseptic surgery [36] [59] [97] Father of modern surgery [98] 1818 – James Blundell performs the first successful human transfusion. 1842 – Crawford Long performs the first surgical operation using anesthesia with ether. 1845 – John Hughes Bennett first describes leukemia as a blood disorder.
Surgery [a] is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery such as gastric bypass), to reconstruct or alter aesthetics and appearance (cosmetic surgery), or to remove unwanted tissues (body fat, glands, scars ...
Preoperative fasting is the practice of a surgical patient abstaining from eating or drinking ("nothing by mouth") for some time before having an operation.This is intended to prevent stomach contents from getting into the windpipe and lungs (known as a pulmonary aspiration) while the patient is under general anesthesia. [1]
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At some point before surgery a health care provider conducts a preoperative assessment to verify that a person is fit and ready for the surgery. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For surgeries in which a person receives either general or local anesthesia, this assessment may be done either by a doctor or a nurse trained to do the assessment. [ 2 ]