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  2. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cervical...

    1. a herniated disc when other non-surgical treatments have failed. The nucleus pulposus (the jelly-like center of the disc) of the herniated disc bulges out through the annulus (surrounding wall) and presses on the nerve root next to it. 2. degenerative disc disease (spondylosis). The disc consists of about 80% water.

  3. Laminectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminectomy

    The recovery period after a laminectomy depends on the specific operative technique, with minimally invasive procedures having significantly shorter recovery periods than open surgery. Removal of substantial amounts of bone and tissue may require additional procedures such as spinal fusion to stabilize the spine and generally require a much ...

  4. Degenerative disc disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disc_disease

    Degenerative disc disease; Other names: Degenerative disc disorder, intervertebral disc degeneration: Degenerated disc between C5 and C6 (vertebra at the top of the picture is C2), with osteophytes anteriorly (to the left) on the lower portion of the C5 and upper portion of the C6 vertebral body. Specialty: Orthopedics: Risk factors: Connective ...

  5. Disc herniation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_herniation

    Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica .

  6. Discectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discectomy

    Degeneration caused by years of repetitive mechanical stress can cause the disc of an athlete to be herniated. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a critical injury for elite athletes that could cause extreme pain and significantly hinder performance. To relieve the pain, athletes usually go through microdiscectomy.

  7. Total disc replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Disc_Replacement

    The second disc replacement to achieve wide clinical use was the prodisc total disc replacement; it continues to have worldwide use today. Designed by French orthopedic spine surgeon Thiery Marnay, M.D., in the late 1980s, early implantations of the prodisc device began in 1990, with a 7-11 year follow-up published in 2005.

  8. Spinal cord compression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord_compression

    Causes can be bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion. When acute it can cause a medical emergency independent of its cause, and require swift diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term disability due to irreversible spinal cord injury.

  9. Radiculopathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiculopathy

    Patients with large cervical disk bulges may be recommended for surgery; however, most often, conservative management will help the herniation regress naturally. [24] Procedures such as foraminotomy , laminotomy , or discectomy may be considered by neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons.