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Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of an organism. Action potential in a neuron, showing depolarization, in which the cell's internal charge becomes less negative (more positive), and repolarization, where the internal charge returns to a more negative value.
A typical action potential begins at the axon hillock [41] with a sufficiently strong depolarization, e.g., a stimulus that increases V m. This depolarization is often caused by the injection of extra sodium cations into the cell; these cations can come from a wide variety of sources, such as chemical synapses, sensory neurons or pacemaker ...
Later in their life they received a Nobel Prize for their influential discoveries. Neuronal accommodation can be explained in two ways. "First, during the passage of a constant cathodal current through the membrane, the potassium conductance and the degree of inactivation will rise, both factors raising the threshold.
Previously, electrophysiological studies have provided the evidence that there is a Ca 2+-mediated depolarization, which causes voltage-gated Na + channels to open, resulting in action potentials. This depolarization is followed by a period of hyperpolarization mediated by Ca 2+-dependent K + channels or GABA-activated Cl − influx. [citation ...
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) or spreading depolarization (SD) is a wave of electrophysiological hyperactivity followed by a wave of inhibition. [3] Spreading depolarization describes a phenomenon characterized by the appearance of depolarization waves of the neurons and neuroglia [ 4 ] that propagates across the cortex at a velocity of 1 ...
For example, figure 1 depicts the localized nature and the graded potential nature of these subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, also giving a visual representation of their placement on an action potential graph, comparing subthreshold oscillations versus a fire above the threshold. In some types of neurons, the membrane potential can ...
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A depolarizer or depolariser is an optical device used to scramble the polarization of light.An ideal depolarizer would output randomly polarized light whatever its input, but all practical depolarizers produce pseudo-random output polarization.