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All parts of these plants are toxic, due to the presence of alkaloids. Grazing animals, such as sheep and cattle, may be affected and human fatalities have occurred. [106] Delphinium spp. larkspur Ranunculaceae: Contains the alkaloid delsoline. Young plants and seeds are poisonous, causing nausea, muscle twitches, paralysis, and often death.
In general, the safety and effectiveness of alternative medicines have not been scientifically proven [1] and remain largely unknown. [2] Beyond adverse effects from the herb itself, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation , or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life ...
Humans have also fallen victim to zygacine poisoning by mistaking the death camas for other edible plants. In 1994, a man presented to the emergency department with gastrointestinal symptoms, a depressed heart rate and low blood pressure after inadvertently eating plant material derived from a species of Zigadenus . [ 12 ]
As few as two bulbs are sufficient to kill a fully-grown human, with the poisons not degraded by cooking. [25] The toxins also remain stable when dried and stored, with bulbs remaining toxic for two decades after collection. [31] The seeds and the bulbs are the most toxic parts of the plants. [7]
The term is also used to describe toxic chemicals produced by plants themselves, which function as defensive agents against their predators. Most examples pertaining to this definition of phytotoxin are members of various classes of specialised or secondary metabolites , including alkaloids , terpenes , and especially phenolics , though not all ...
Strychnos nux-vomica, the strychnine tree, [2] also known as nux vomica, poison fruit, semen strychnos, and quaker buttons, is a deciduous tree native to India and to southeast Asia. It is a medium-sized tree in the family Loganiaceae that grows in open habitats.
Antiaris toxicaria is a tree in the mulberry and fig family, Moraceae.It is the only species currently recognized in the genus Antiaris.The genus Antiaris was at one time considered to consist of several species, but is now regarded as just one variable species which can be further divided into five subspecies.
Urushiol / ʊ ˈ r uː ʃ i. ɒ l / is an oily mixture of organic compounds with allergenic properties found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, especially Toxicodendron spp. (e.g., poison oak, Chinese lacquer tree, poison ivy, poison sumac), Comocladia spp. (maidenplums), Metopium spp.