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Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.
Laboratory-scale liquid-liquid extraction. Photograph of a separatory funnel in a laboratory scale extraction of 2 immiscible liquids: liquids are a diethyl ether upper phase, and a lower aqueous phase. Soxhlet extractor. Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution ...
changing the protonation state of the products or impurities by adding an acid or base. separating the reaction mixture into organic and aqueous layers by liquid-liquid extraction. removal of solvents by evaporation. purification by chromatography, distillation or recrystallization.
Acid–base extraction; Affinity electrophoresis; Affinity magnetic separation; Air-free technique; Ames test; Amplicon; Analytical band centrifugation; Analytical ultracentrifugation; Animal testing; Annexin A5 affinity assay; Anterograde tracing; Allele-specific oligonucleotide; Artificial cerebrospinal fluid; Assay
TAE buffer is commonly prepared as a 50× stock solution for laboratory use. A 50× stock solution can be prepared by dissolving 242 g Tris base in water, adding 57.1 ml glacial acetic acid, and 100 ml of 500 mM EDTA (pH 8.0) solution, and bringing the final volume up to 1 litre.
In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
Abundance in weight: spectroscopic nucleic acid quantitation; Absolute abundance in number: real-time polymerase chain reaction (quantitative PCR) High-throughput relative abundance: DNA microarray; High-throughput absolute abundance: serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) Size: gel electrophoresis
Biological substances can experience leaching themselves, [2] as well as be used for leaching as part of the solvent substance to recover heavy metals. [6] Many plants experience leaching of phenolics, carbohydrates, and amino acids, and can experience as much as 30% mass loss from leaching, [5] just from sources of water such as rain, dew, mist, and fog. [2]