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In contrast to DKA, serum glucose levels in HHS are extremely high, usually greater than 40-50 mmol/L (600 mg/dL). [6] Metabolic acidosis is absent or mild. [6] A temporary state of confusion (delirium) is also more common in HHS than DKA. HHS also tends to affect older people more. DKA may have fruity breath, and rapid and deep breathing. [6]
Moreover, certain medications prescribed for different conditions have the potential to cause HHS. [13] [15] As with DKA, urgent medical treatment is necessary, commonly beginning with fluid volume replacement. [8] On the whole, HHS is a medical emergency marked with hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, dehydration, and mild or no ketosis. [15]
Hyperosmolar syndrome or diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome is a medical emergency caused by a very high blood glucose level. The prefix "hyper-" means high, and "osmolarity" is a measure of the concentration of active particles in a solution, so the name of the syndrome simply refers to the high concentration of glucose in the blood.
The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
HHS: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: HHT: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectisia HHV: human herpesvirus (including numerous subtypes such as HHV8) HI: homicidal ideation Hib: haemophilus influenzae B: HIDA: hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid: HIDS: hyper-IgD (and periodic fever) syndrome HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (cerebral hypoxia) HIT
Pronunciation follows convention outside the medical field, in which acronyms are generally pronounced as if they were a word (JAMA, SIDS), initialisms are generally pronounced as individual letters (DNA, SSRI), and abbreviations generally use the expansion (soln. = "solution", sup. = "superior").
A pH measurement is performed to detect acidosis. Blood from a vein is adequate, as there is little difference between the arterial and the venous pH; arterial samples are only required if there are concerns about oxygen levels. [6] Ketones can be measured in the urine (acetoacetate) and blood (β-hydroxybutyrate).
Forms terms denoting conditions relating to eating or ingestion Greek φαγία (phagía) eating < φᾰγεῖν (phageîn), to eat Sarcophagia-phago-eating, devouring Greek -φᾰ́γος (-phágos), eater of, eating phagocyte: phagist-Forms nouns that denote a person who 'feeds on' the first element or part of the word