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For example, computer processors are often designed to process data grouped into words of a given length of bits (8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit, etc.). The bit length of each word defines, for one thing, how many memory locations can be independently addressed by the processor. In cryptography, the key size of an algorithm is the bit length of ...
It is thus equivalent to the Hamming distance from the all-zero string of the same length. For the most typical case, a string of bits, this is the number of 1's in the string, or the digit sum of the binary representation of a given number and the ℓ₁ norm of a bit vector. In this binary case, it is also called the population count, [1 ...
A code is non-singular if each source symbol is mapped to a different non-empty bit string; that is, the mapping from source symbols to bit strings is injective.. For example, the mapping = {,,} is not non-singular because both "a" and "b" map to the same bit string "0"; any extension of this mapping will generate a lossy (non-lossless) coding.
A variable-length quantity (VLQ) is a universal code that uses an arbitrary number of binary octets (eight-bit bytes) to represent an arbitrarily large integer. A VLQ is essentially a base-128 representation of an unsigned integer with the addition of the eighth bit to mark continuation of bytes. VLQ is identical to LEB128 except in endianness ...
In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings or vectors of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. In other words, it measures the minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into the other, or equivalently, the minimum number of errors that could have transformed one string into the other.
«FUNCTION» LENGTH(string) or «FUNCTION» BYTE-LENGTH(string) number of characters and number of bytes, respectively COBOL: string length string: a decimal string giving the number of characters Tcl: ≢ string: APL: string.len() Number of bytes Rust [30] string.chars().count() Number of Unicode code points Rust [31]
A bit array (also known as bitmask, [1] bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure . A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level parallelism in hardware to perform operations quickly.
A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the logical AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits. Thus, if both bits in the compared position are 1, the bit in the resulting binary representation is 1 (1 × 1 = 1); otherwise, the result is 0 (1 × 0 = 0 and 0 × 0 = 0).