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The anti-Markovnikov rule can be illustrated using the addition of hydrogen bromide to isobutylene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide or hydrogen peroxide. The reaction of HBr with substituted alkenes was prototypical in the study of free-radical additions. Early chemists discovered that the reason for the variability in the ratio of ...
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on el.wikipedia.org Κανόνας Μαρκόβνικοφ; Usage on es.wikipedia.org Regla de Markovnikov; Usage on eu.wikipedia.org Markovnikoven arau; Usage on fr.wikipedia.org Règle de Markovnikov; Usage on id.wikipedia.org Aturan Markovnikov; Usage on nl.wikipedia.org Regel van Markovnikov
Hydroboration–oxidation is an anti-Markovnikov reaction, with the hydroxyl group attaching to the less-substituted carbon. The reaction thus provides a more stereospecific and complementary regiochemical alternative to other hydration reactions such as acid-catalyzed addition and the oxymercuration–reduction process.
In terms of regiochemistry, hydroboration is typically anti-Markovnikov, i.e. the hydrogen adds to the most substituted carbon of the double bond. That the regiochemistry is reverse of a typical HX addition reflects the polarity of the B δ+-H δ− bonds. Hydroboration proceeds via a four-membered transition state: the hydrogen and the boron ...
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In 1869, a Russian chemist named Vladimir Markovnikov demonstrated that the addition of HBr to alkenes usually but not always resulted in a specific orientation. Markovnikov's rule, which stems from these observations, states that in the addition of HBr or another hydrogen halide to an alkene, the acidic proton will add to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. [3]
Russian President Vladimir Putin basked in a victory early Monday that was never in doubt, as partial election results showed him easily securing a fifth term after facing only token challengers ...
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