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Ramipril, a prodrug or precursor drug, is converted to the active metabolite ramiprilat by carboxylesterase 1. [17] [18] Ramiprilat is mostly excreted by the kidneys. Its half-life is variable (3–16 hours), and is prolonged by heart and liver failure, as well as kidney failure. Peak effect occurs between 3 and 6 hours after dosing, with ...
The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BLA) was a 2005 landmark trial that compared the effects of the established therapy of the combination of atenolol and bendroflumethiazide to the new drug combination of amlodipine and perindopril (trade names Viacoram, AceryCal etc.). [12]
Radioactive isotope table "lists ALL radioactive nuclei with a half-life greater than 1000 years", incorporated in the list above. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties F.G. Kondev et al. 2021 Chinese Phys. C 45 030001. The PDF of this article lists the half-lives of all known radioactives nuclides.
[1] [16] The half-life of lisinopril is 12 hours, and is increased in people with kidney problems. [1] [16] While the plasma half-life of lisinopril has been estimated between 12 and 13 hours, the elimination half-life is much longer, at around 30 hours. [18] The full duration of action is between 24 and 30 hours. [18]
It may also be used to treat other conditions. It is similar in structure to another ramipril but has a cyclohexane group. It is a prodrug that must be metabolized into its active form. It has a longer half-life when compared to other agents in this class. It was patented in 1981 and approved for medical use in 1993. [1]
It has the longest half-life of any angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (24 hours) [25] [16] and the largest volume of distribution among ARBs (500 liters). [ 26 ] [ 27 ] Less than 3% of telmisartan is inactivated by glucuronidation in the liver, and over 97% is eliminated in unchanged form via bile and faeces.
After ingestion, bisoprolol is absorbed and has a high bioavailability of approximately 90% with a plasma half-life of 10–12 hours. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Typically, half the circulating bisoprolol is metabolized by the liver, the rest passing unchanged through the kidneys before elimination; less than 2% may be excreted in the feces .
Amlodipine is well absorbed by the oral route with a mean oral bioavailability around 60%; the half-life of amlodipine is about 30 h to 50 h, and steady-state plasma concentrations are achieved after 7 to 8 days of daily dosing. [7] In the blood it has high plasma protein binding of 97.5%. [43]