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Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.
Despite not causing identifiable symptoms, a silent stroke still causes damage to the brain and places the patient at increased risk for both transient ischemic attack and major stroke in the future. [1] In a broad study in 1998, more than 11 million people were estimated to have experienced a stroke in the United States.
The corona radiata may be affected by diseases affecting the cerebral white matter, including ischemic leukoencephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, and progressive leukoencephalopathy. These may have major effects on intellectual, social, and emotional functioning. [citation needed]
Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, [1] is a form of small-vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. [2] White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. [3] This disease is ...
Deep white matter hyperintensities occur deep within white matter, periventricular white matter hyperintensities occur adjacent to the lateral ventricles and subcortical hyperintensities occur in the basal ganglia. [citation needed] Hyperintensities are often seen in auto immune diseases that have effects on the brain. [6]
Other common locations for DAI include the white matter in the cerebral cortex, the superior cerebral peduncles, [16] basal ganglia, thalamus, and deep hemispheric nuclei. [clarification needed] [20] These areas may be more easily damaged because of the difference in density between them and the other regions of the brain. [20]
Many of these diseases can be asymptomatic until an acute event, such as a stroke, occurs. [9] Cerebrovascular diseases can also present less commonly with headache or seizures. [10] Any of these diseases can result in vascular dementia due to ischemic damage to the brain. [11] [12]
Watershed stroke symptoms are due to the reduced blood flow to all parts of the body, specifically the brain, thus leading to brain damage. Initial symptoms, as promoted by the American Stroke Association, are FAST, representing F = Facial weakness (droop), A = Arm weakness (drift), S = Speech difficulty (slur), and T = Time to act (priority of intervention).