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In optics, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) or etalon is an optical cavity made from two parallel reflecting surfaces (i.e.: thin mirrors). Optical waves can pass through the optical cavity only when they are in resonance with it. It is named after Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, who developed the instrument in 1899.
Marie Paul Auguste Charles Fabry ForMemRS [1] [2] (French: [maʁi pɔl oɡyst ʃaʁl fabʁi]; 11 June 1867 – 11 December 1945) was a French physicist working on optics. [3] [4] Together with Alfred Pérot he invented the Fabry–Pérot interferometer. He is also one of the co-discoverers of the ozone layer.
Jean-Baptiste Alfred Perot (French:; 3 November 1863 – 28 November 1925) was a French physicist. Together with his colleague Charles Fabry he developed the Fabry–Pérot interferometer in 1899. [1] [2] The French Academy of Sciences awarded him the Janssen Medal for 1912. [3] The Royal Society awarded Fabry and Perot the Rumford medal in 1918.
The plane-parallel resonator is also the basis of the Fabry–Pérot interferometer. For a resonator with two mirrors with radii of curvature R 1 and R 2, there are a number of common cavity configurations. If the two radii are equal to half the cavity length (R 1 = R 2 = L / 2), a concentric or spherical resonator results.
Figure 1. The light path through a Michelson interferometer.The two light rays with a common source combine at the half-silvered mirror to reach the detector. They may either interfere constructively (strengthening in intensity) if their light waves arrive in phase, or interfere destructively (weakening in intensity) if they arrive out of phase, depending on the exact distances between the ...
After the invention of the Fabry–Perot interferometer, in 1899, the mechanisms of thin-film interference could be demonstrated on a larger scale. [ 6 ] In much of the early work, scientists tried to explain iridescence, in animals like peacocks and scarab beetles , as some form of surface color, such as a dye or pigment that might alter the ...
In the simplest case, the laser's optical cavity is formed by two opposed plane (flat) mirrors surrounding the gain medium (a plane-parallel or Fabry–Pérot cavity). The allowed modes of the cavity are those where the mirror separation distance L is equal to an exact multiple of half the wavelength, λ :
Fabry–Pérot interferometer; Fizeau interferometer; Fourier-transform interferometer; Fresnel interferometer (e.g. Fresnel biprism, Fresnel mirror or Lloyd's mirror) Fringes of Equal Chromatic Order interferometer (FECO) Gabor hologram; Gires–Tournois etalon; Heterodyne interferometer (see heterodyne) Holographic interferometer; Jamin ...