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Tier 2 capital, or supplementary capital, includes a number of important and legitimate constituents of a bank's capital requirement. [ 1 ] [ note 1 ] These forms of banking capital were largely standardized in the Basel I accord, issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and left untouched by the Basel II accord.
A contingent convertible bond (CoCo), also known as an enhanced capital note (ECN), [1] is a fixed-income instrument that is convertible into equity if a pre-specified trigger event occurs. [2] The concept of CoCo has been particularly discussed in the context of crisis management in the banking industry. [ 3 ]
Capital adequacy ratio is the ratio which determines the bank's capacity to meet the time liabilities and other risks such as credit risk, operational risk etc. In the most simple formulation, a bank's capital is the "cushion" for potential losses, and protects the bank's depositors and other lenders.
Bonds that have the same seniority in a company's capital structure are described as being pari passu. Preferred stock is senior to common stock in a sale when preferred shareholders must receive back their preference , typically their original investment amount, before the common shareholders receive anything.
The standard broker valuation formula (incorporated in the Price function in Excel or any financial calculator, such as the HP10bII) confirms this; the main term calculates the actual (dirty price), which is the total cash exchanged, less a second term which represents the amount of accrued interest.
Basel III requires banks to have a minimum CET1 ratio (Common Tier 1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets (RWAs)) at all times of: . 4.5%; Plus: A mandatory "capital conservation buffer" or "stress capital buffer requirement", equivalent to at least 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, but could be higher based on results from stress tests, as determined by national regulators.
Convertible bonds are usually issued offering a higher yield than obtainable on the shares into which the bonds convert. Convertible bonds are safer than preferred or common shares for the investor. They provide asset protection, because the value of the convertible bond will only fall to the value of the bond floor: however in reality if stock ...
Bond valuation is the process by which an investor arrives at an estimate of the theoretical fair value, or intrinsic worth, of a bond.As with any security or capital investment, the theoretical fair value of a bond is the present value of the stream of cash flows it is expected to generate.