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For all psychiatric disorders taken together, nightmare disorders are present in 29.9% of the cases, a much bigger rate than for the general population, which is 2–5%. [18] Nightmare disorders can also be associated with sleep disorders such as night terrors, chronic insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing. [5]
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) can mostly be handled well with the use of melatonin or clonazepam. [25] [35] However, there is high comorbidity with neurodegenerative disorders, that is in up to 93% of cases. [35] The underlying psychopathology of nightmare disorder complicates a clear prognosis. [35]
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ... Nightmare disorder: 307.47 F51.5 Nightmare disorder 327.42 G47.52 Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ...
- REM sleep behavior disorder (including parasomnia overlap disorder and status dissociatus) 327.42 G47.52 - Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis 327.43 G47.53 - Nightmare disorder 307.47 F51.5 Other Parasomnias: Sleep-related dissociative disorders 300.15 F44.9 Sleep enuresis: 788.36 N39.44 Sleep-related groaning (catathrenia) 327.49 G47.59
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). In 2022, a revised version was published. [1]
Night terror, also called sleep terror, is a sleep disorder causing feelings of panic or dread and typically occurring during the first hours of stage 3–4 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [1] and lasting for 1 to 10 minutes. [2]
Nightmare disorder (ND); also REM-based parasomnia; Sleep terrors (STs) potentially frightening parasomnia but are not REM based and there is a lack of awareness to surroundings, characteristic screams during STs. Noctural panic attacks (NPAs) involves fear and acute distress but lacks paralysis and dream imagery
Anxiety disorder; Nightmare disorder; Panic; Dissociative identity disorder; Psychosis (such as Schizophrenia) Sleeping sickness – a parasitic disease which can be transmitted by the Tsetse fly. Jet lag disorder – Jet lag disorder is a type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder that results from rapid travel across multiple time zones ...