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The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous sinuses (channels) found between the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They receive blood from the cerebral veins , and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space via arachnoid granulations .
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis or cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), is the presence of a blood clot in the dural venous sinuses (which drain blood from the brain), the cerebral veins, or both.
Dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST) and cortical venous thrombosis (CVT) commonly presents with headache, increased intracranial pressure, or seizures. DVST is more common than CVT. DVST are frequently caused by infections in the skull base, dehydration, thrombophilia, meningioma, and other dural tumours. [3]
An MR venogram is also performed in most cases to exclude the possibility of venous sinus stenosis/obstruction or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. [5] [7] [8] A contrast-enhanced MRV (ATECO) scan has a high detection rate for abnormal transverse sinus stenoses. [15]
Management of cranial venous outflow obstruction involves treating the underlying cause, if identifiable, and managing the symptoms. This can include medication to reduce intracranial pressure, anticoagulation therapy to prevent thrombosis, and in some cases, surgical intervention to restore normal venous drainage. [6] [11]
The dural venous sinuses drain blood from the brain to the internal jugular veins, which in turn drains blood to the heart. It has been proposed that the empty delta sign occurs in dural venous thromboses due to contrast material filling the dural venous collateral circulation immediately surrounding the dura whilst being unable to fill the ...
Because Non-parenchymal NBD targets vascular structures, the symptoms arise in the same area. The main clinical characteristic is cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). If one experiences CVT, a clot in one of the blood vessels of the brain blocks the blood flow and may result in stroke. This happens in the dural venous sinuses. Stroke-like symptoms ...
The meningeal lymphatic system is composed of a network of vessels along the dural sinus in the dura which express lymphatic endothelial cell marker proteins, including PROX1, LYVE1, and PDPN. The vessels extend along the length of both the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses and directly connects to the deep cervical lymph nodes. [ 1 ]