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City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (1989), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the minority set-aside program of Richmond, Virginia, which gave preference to minority business enterprises (MBE) in the awarding of municipal contracts, was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause.
In United States law, City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (1989) established the basic principle that a governmental actor must provide a strong basis in evidence for its conclusion that remedial action is necessary. The application of this rule has produced conflicting results. [1]
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. Coalition for TJ v. Fairfax County School Board; Corrigan v. Buckley; D. Daniels v. City of New York; Davis et al. v. The St ...
[12]: 131 Dissenting in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., he rejected the majority's decision to strike down an affirmative-action program for government contractors, stating that he did "not believe that this Nation is anywhere close to eradicating racial discrimination or its vestiges". [12]: 139–143
U.S. Supreme Court decides City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. affirmative action-related lawsuit. [154] In the mid-1980s, completion of the State Route 144 (Temple Avenue Connector) and a new bridge across the Appomattox River provided connection between Colonial Heights and State Route 36 near Fort Lee. Southpark Mall in business in Tri-Cities.
Johnson v. Transportation Agency , 480 U.S. 616 (1987), is the only United States Supreme Court case to address a sex-based affirmative action plan in the employment context. The case was brought by Paul Johnson, a male Santa Clara County Transportation Agency employee, who was passed over for a promotion in favor of Diane Joyce, a female ...
The Court distinguished the previous year's decision City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., [2] by noting that it applied only to actions by state and local governments. [3] Metro Broadcasting was overruled by Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña, which held that strict scrutiny should be applied to federal laws that use benign racial ...
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. City of Richmond v. United States; D. Democratic response to the 2006 State of the Union address; F. Douglas Southall Freeman;