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Basal readers have been in use in the United States since the mid-1860s, beginning with a series called the McGuffey Readers. [citation needed] In the McGuffey Readers, the first book focused on teaching Phonics thoroughly, while later readers introduced other vocabulary, including non-phonetic “sight words”. This was the first reader ...
The lexical route is the process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a "dictionary" lookup procedure. [1] [4] According to this model, every word a reader has learned is represented in a mental database of words and their pronunciations that resembles a dictionary, or internal lexicon.
John Downing (1922–1987) was a British educational psychologist who started his career as a teacher then worked as an academic from 1960 until his death in 1987. He published over 300 academic papers in his 27-year academic career, specialising in both how children read and how they learn to read.
He co-authored with William H. Elson the Elson Basic Readers (renamed the Elson-Gray Basic Readers in 1936) and served as director of the Curriculum Foundation Series at Scott Foresman. [4] Gray also worked with Zerna Sharp , a reading consultant and textbook editor for Scott Foresman, on reading texts for elementary school children.
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A primer (in this sense usually pronounced / ˈ p r ɪ m ər /, [1] sometimes / ˈ p r aɪ m ər /, usually the latter in modern British English [2]) is a first textbook for teaching of reading, such as an alphabet book or basal reader. The word also is used more broadly to refer to any book that presents the most basic elements of any subject. [3]
The Reading Recovery Council of North America, Inc. is a not-for-profit association of Reading Recovery professionals, advocates, and partners. It is an advocate for Reading Recovery throughout North America (United States and Canada). It publishes two journals for this purpose: The Journal of Reading Recovery and Literacy Teaching and Learning ...
Especially in the early stages of reading, decoding involves mapping letters in the word to their corresponding sounds, and then combining those sounds to form a verbal word. Encoding: a process used in spelling: is similar, although the process goes in the opposite direction, with the word's verbal representation is encoded in a written form.