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Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as vitamins and hormones. A general name for this class of material is biological materials. Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms.
Thiamine (vitamin B 1) – C 12 H 17 ClN 4 OS·HCl; Threonine; Thrombopoietin; Thromboxane; Thymidine; Thymine; Transfer RNA (tRNA) Triacsin C; Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Thyroxine (T4) Tocopherol ; Topoisomerase; Triiodothyronine (T3) Transmembrane receptor; Trichostatin A; Trophic hormone; Trypsin ...
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.The structure of these molecules may be considered at any of several length scales ranging from the level of individual atoms to the relationships among entire protein subunits.
Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [1] A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism.
A large fraction of the chemical elements that occur naturally on the Earth's surface are essential to the structure and metabolism of living things. Four of these elements (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) are essential to every living thing and collectively make up 99% of the mass of protoplasm. [1]
Molecular biology / m ə ˈ l ɛ k j ʊ l ər / is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions , DNA replication , responding to stimuli , providing structure to cells and organisms , and transporting molecules from one ...
[11] [verification needed] [12] [13] This has led many texts to delineate between membrane-bounded and non-membrane bounded organelles. [ 14 ] The non-membrane bounded organelles, also called large biomolecular complexes , are large assemblies of macromolecules that carry out particular and specialized functions, but they lack membrane boundaries.