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A widely used type of composition is the nonlinear weighted sum, where () = (()), where (commonly referred to as the activation function [3]) is some predefined function, such as the hyperbolic tangent, sigmoid function, softmax function, or rectifier function. The important characteristic of the activation function is that it provides a smooth ...
In machine learning, ... Note that the output of the th neuron, , is just the neuron's activation function applied to the neuron's input . We can ...
The activation function of a node in an artificial neural network is a function that calculates the output of the node based on its individual inputs and their weights. Nontrivial problems can be solved using only a few nodes if the activation function is nonlinear .
In the mathematical theory of artificial neural networks, universal approximation theorems are theorems [1] [2] of the following form: Given a family of neural networks, for each function from a certain function space, there exists a sequence of neural networks ,, … from the family, such that according to some criterion.
Differentiable programming has found use in a wide variety of areas, particularly scientific computing and machine learning. [5] One of the early proposals to adopt such a framework in a systematic fashion to improve upon learning algorithms was made by the Advanced Concepts Team at the European Space Agency in early 2016. [6]
Online machine learning, from the work of Nick Littlestone [citation needed]. While its primary goal is to understand learning abstractly, computational learning theory has led to the development of practical algorithms. For example, PAC theory inspired boosting, VC theory led to support vector machines, and Bayesian inference led to belief ...
In pattern recognition and machine learning, a feature vector is an n-dimensional vector of numerical features that represent some object. Many algorithms in machine learning require a numerical representation of objects, since such representations facilitate processing and statistical analysis. When representing images, the feature values ...
A recursive neural network is a kind of deep neural network created by applying the same set of weights recursively over a structured input, to produce a structured prediction over variable-size input structures, or a scalar prediction on it, by traversing a given structure in topological order.