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Plants that reproduce sexually also produce gametes. However, since plants have a life cycle involving alternation of diploid and haploid generations some differences from animal life cycles exist. Plants use meiosis to produce spores that develop into multicellular haploid gametophytes which produce gametes by mitosis.
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes.Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis.
Male gametes are called sperm, and female gametes are called eggs or ova. In animals, fertilization of the ovum by a sperm results in the formation of a diploid zygote that develops by repeated mitotic divisions into a diploid adult. Plants have two multicellular life-cycle phases, resulting in an alternation of generations. Plant zygotes ...
Plant reproduction is the production of new offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes , resulting in offspring genetically different from either parent.
a species has distinct individual organisms that are either male or female, i.e., they produce only male or only female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in plants). [20] Gonochorism: individuals are either male or female. [20] The term "gonochorism" is usually applied to animals while "dioecy" is applied to plants. [21]
Differentiation of the gametes. Both gametes the same (isogamy). Like other species of Cladophora, C. callicoma has flagellated gametes which are identical in appearance and ability to move. [20] Gametes of two distinct sizes (anisogamy). Both of similar motility. Species of Ulva, the sea lettuce, have gametes which all have two flagella and so ...
For example, in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, there are so-called "plus" and "minus" gametes. A few types of organisms, such as many fungi and the ciliate Paramecium aurelia, [11] have more than two "sexes", called mating types. Most animals (including humans) and plants reproduce sexually.
Gametes are produced by the haploid generation, which is known as the gametophyte. The female gametophyte produces structures called archegonia , and the egg cells form within them via mitosis . The typical bryophyte archegonium consists of a long neck with a wider base containing the egg cell.