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Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
Although the precise cause of the condition is unknown, as it is thought to be a variation of lichen planus, cell-mediated immunity—a type of immune system—may be a crucial factor in the development of the disease's clinical manifestation. [3]
Rare [14] Hidradenitis suppurativa: Skin None specific Uncertain 1-4% [15] Lichen planus: Skin, mucous membranes None specific Probable 1% [16] Lichen sclerosus: Skin None specific Probable Rare [17] Linear IgA disease: Skin Anti-epidermal basement membrane IgA Confirmed Extremely rare [18] Morphea: Skin None specific Probable Not well ...
Lichen planopilaris (acuminatus, follicular lichen planus, lichen planus follicularis, peripilaris) Lichen planus of the nails; Lichen spinulosus (keratosis spinulosa) Lipedematous alopecia (lipedematous scalp) Localized acquired hypertrichosis; Localized congenital hypertrichosis; Longitudinal erythronychia; Longitudinal melanonychia
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
Alfred Blaschko, a private practice dermatologist from Berlin, first described and drew the patterns of the lines of Blaschko in 1901. He obtained his data by studying over 140 patients with various nevoid and acquired skin diseases and transposed the visible patterns the diseases followed onto dolls and statues, then compiled the patterns onto a composite schematic of the human body.
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Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause [1] characterized by 1–2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored or reddish-brown papules [2] [3] that may appear as hypopigmented against dark skin.