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It contains clindamycin, as the phosphate, a lincosamide antibacterial; adapalene, a synthetic retinoid; and benzoyl peroxide, an oxidizing agent. [2] It is applied to the skin . [ 2 ]
retinol, retinal, tretinoin (retinoic acid), isotretinoin, and alitretinoin: Second generation: Synthetic analogs formulated for oral dosing. There are no topically available second generation formulations of retinoids. etretinate and its metabolite acitretin: Third generation: Retinoidal benzoic acid derivatives: adapalene, bexarotene, and ...
Adapalene, sold under the brand name Differin among others, is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions. [6] Studies have found adapalene is as effective as other retinoids, while causing less irritation. [7]
Meta-analysis of clinical trials has shown this combined therapy to be more effective than either of its ingredients by themselves. [6]The use of adapalene/benzoyl peroxide in combination with oral antibiotics (lymecycline) has been studied; [7] the combination was well tolerated and showed an improved success rate compared to those receiving only antibiotics (47.6% vs. 33.7%, P = 0.002).
The name isotretinoin is the same root tretinoin plus the prefix iso-. Regarding pronunciation, the following variants apply equally to both tretinoin and isotretinoin. Given that retinoic is pronounced / ˌ r ɛ t ɪ ˈ n oʊ ɪ k /, [43] [44] [42] [45] it is natural that / ˌ t r ɛ t ɪ ˈ n oʊ ɪ n / is a commonly heard pronunciation.
Tretinoin is the least expensive of the topical retinoids and is the most irritating to the skin, whereas adapalene is the least irritating but costs significantly more. [ 1 ] [ 100 ] Most formulations of tretinoin are incompatible for use with benzoyl peroxide. [ 15 ]
Tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide, sold under the brand name Twyneo, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of acne. [1] [2] It contains tretinoin, a vitamin A derivative, and benzoyl peroxide, an oxidizing agent. [3] The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in July 2021. [2] [4] [5]
Retinol, also called vitamin A 1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [3]