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This is the origin of the D/L and R/S notations, and the employment of prefixes levo-and dextro-in common names. The prefix ar-, from the Latin recto (right), is applied to the right-handed version; es-, from the Latin sinister (left), to the left-handed molecule. Example: ketamine, arketamine, esketamine. [13]
It is also known as L-α-methyl-β-phenylethylamine or as (2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine. [8] Levoamphetamine is the levorotatory stereoisomer of the amphetamine molecule. Racemic amphetamine contains two optical isomers in equal amounts, dextroamphetamine (the dextrorotatory enantiomer) and levoamphetamine. [20] [21]
Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine. [note 2] Methamphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms, but the hydrochloride salt ...
Dextroamphetamine (INN: dexamfetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and enantiomer [note 1] of amphetamine that is indicated in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Levmetamfetamine is excreted in urine 40.8 to 49.0% as unchanged levmetamfetamine and 2.1 to 3.3% as levoamphetamine. [2] [4] [3] The mean elimination half-life of levmetamfetamine ranges between 10.2 and 15.0 hours. [2] [4] For comparison, the elimination half-life of dextromethamphetamine was around 10.2 to 10.7 hours in the same studies.
Adderall and Mydayis [11] are trade names [note 2] for a combination drug containing four salts of amphetamine.The mixture is composed of equal parts racemic amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which produces a (3:1) ratio between dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine, the two enantiomers of amphetamine. [13]
A single Adderall dose combines the neutral sulfate salts of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, with the dextro isomer of amphetamine saccharate and D/L-amphetamine aspartate monohydrate. The original Benzedrine was a racemic mixture, and isolated dextroamphetamine was later introduced to the market as Dexedrine.
Louis Pasteur - pioneering stereochemist. Chirality can be traced back to 1812, when physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot found out about a phenomenon called "optical activity." [10] Louis Pasteur, a famous student of Biot's, made a series of observations that led him to suggest that the optical activity of some substances is caused by their molecular asymmetry, which makes nonsuperimposable mirror ...