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Spanish vowel chart, ... Each of the five vowels occurs in both stressed and unstressed syllables: [70] Examples of Spanish vowels stressed unstressed word
In hiatus, unstressed front vowels become /j/, and unstressed back vowels become /w/, as in /ˈfiːlius, ˈsapuiː/ > /ˈfiːljus, ˈsapwiː/. [14] The same process also affects stressed front and back vowels in hiatus if they are antepenultimate (in the third-to-last syllable of a word).
Spanish has only two degrees of stress. In traditional transcription, primary stress is marked with an acute accent (´) over the vowel. "Combining breve below" marks may be used to emphasize the "liaison" of syllables in Spanish vocal music. Unstressed parts of a word are left unmarked.
The presence of a consonant coda also affects vowel length. Vowels are short in closed syllables (but not as short as unstressed syllables) and long in open syllables. There is also an interaction between tone and vowel length. Vowels with a mid tone are long while with a low tone are "pulsated".
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Spanish on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Spanish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Cardinal vowel chart showing peripheral (white) and central (blue) vowel space, based on the chart in Collins & Mees (2003:227). Phonetic reduction most often involves a mid-centralization of the vowel, that is, a reduction in the amount of movement of the tongue in pronouncing the vowel, as with the characteristic change of many unstressed vowels at the ends of English words to something ...
In this example, the underline means that the /t/ or /d/ that becomes flapped must be in between two vowels (where the first is stressed and the second is not). The sound, or the features of the sound, that follows the one to be changed. In this example, the /t/ or /d/ that becomes flapped must be followed by an unstressed vowel.
In many languages, such as Russian and English, vowel reduction may occur when a vowel changes from a stressed to an unstressed position. In English, unstressed vowels may reduce to schwa -like vowels, though the details vary with dialect (see stress and vowel reduction in English ).