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The North American Charging System (NACS), standardized as SAE J3400, is an electric vehicle (EV) charging connector standard maintained by SAE International. [1] Developed by Tesla, Inc., it has been used by all North American market Tesla vehicles since 2021 and was opened for use by other manufacturers in November 2022.
Standardized 12 volt DC automobile plugs are defined in the United States by UL Standard 2089 regarding vehicle battery adapters. This standard covers plugs and cord sets that insert into cigarette lighter receptacles. In Europe, 12 volt plugs and sockets are not specially regulated and do not require approvals for the CE mark. [citation needed]
SAE J1772, also known as a J plug or Type 1 connector after its international standard, IEC 62196 Type 1, is a North American standard for electrical connectors for electric vehicles maintained by SAE International under the formal title "SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J1772, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler".
Additionally, SAE J3068 supports voltage ratings which align with North American grid voltages and EVSE standards. IEC 62196-2 standard defines the rated operating voltage for AC basic vehicle interface as 250 VAC for single-phase and 480VAC for three-phase, and three-phase EVSE and single-phase vehicles are required to be interoperable.
From left: IEC Type 1/SAE J1772 inlet; Tesla NACS outlet; IEC Type 2 connector outlet IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicles is a series of international standards that define requirements and tests for plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets for conductive charging of electric vehicles and is ...
The Megawatt Charging System (MCS) is a charging connector under development for large battery electric vehicles.The connector will be rated for charging at a maximum rate of 3.75 megawatts (3,000 amps at 1,250 volts direct current (DC)).