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It was not until 1967 that the term functional electrical stimulation was coined by Moe and Post, [24] and used in a patent entitled, "Electrical stimulation of muscle deprived of nervous control with a view of providing muscular contraction and producing a functionally useful moment". [25] Offner's patent described a system used to treat foot ...
Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also referred to as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a form of electrotherapy and neurotherapy used as a technique in research and clinical neurobiology to stimulate a neuron or neural network in the brain through the direct or indirect excitation of its cell membrane by using an electric current.
A microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator or MENS (also microamperage electrical neuromuscular stimulator) is a device used to send weak electrical signals into the body. Such devices apply extremely small microamp [uA] electrical currents (less than 1 milliampere [mA]) to the tissues using electrodes placed on the skin.
Electro-stimulation is stimulation using electricity. It can be used in the context of: Animal husbandry as part of the artificial insemination process; Bioelectromagnetics. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Transcorneal electrical stimulation; Electrical muscle stimulation. Bio-electric stimulation therapy
living organisms (example in insects), excised tissue (acute or cultured), dissociated cells from excised tissue (acute or cultured), artificially grown cells or tissues, or; hybrids of the above. Neuronal electrophysiology is the study of electrical properties of biological cells and tissues within the nervous system.
Electrical input–output membrane voltage models – These models produce a prediction for membrane output voltage as a function of electrical stimulation given as current or voltage input. The various models in this category differ in the exact functional relationship between the input current and the output voltage and in the level of detail.
Some strongly electric fish, such as the electric eel, locate prey by generating a weak electric field, and then discharge their electric organs strongly to stun the prey; other strongly electric fish, such as the electric ray, electrolocate passively. The stargazers are unique in being strongly electric but not using electrolocation.
Several examples of neural sensitization include: Electrical or chemical stimulation of the rat hippocampus causes strengthening of synaptic signals, a process known as long-term potentiation or LTP. [6] LTP of AMPA receptors is a potential mechanism underlying memory and learning in the brain.