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The esterase reaction needs about 2 minutes to take place. The presence of strong oxidising agents or formaldehyde can cause false positives. False negative results are associated with elevated concentrations of protein (greater than 500 mg/dL), glucose (greater than 3 g/dL), oxalic acid and ascorbic acid. Urine with a high specific gravity can ...
For instance, the results of the routine urinalysis can provide information about the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system; suggest the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI); and screen for possible diabetes or liver disease, among other conditions. [3] A urine culture can be performed to identify the bacterial species involved ...
If UTI is suspected, particularly in complicated cases or when urinalysis results are inconclusive, [140] a urine culture may be performed to identify microorganisms if present, obtain a colony count, and carry out antibiotic sensitivity testing. The colony count helps to distinguish between contamination and infection.
Rates of asymptomatic bacteria in the urine among men over 75 are between 7–10%. [11] 2–10% of pregnant women have asymptomatic bacteria in the urine and higher rates are reported in women who live in some underdeveloped countries. [108] Urinary tract infections may affect 10% of people during childhood. [7]
Urinary anti-infective agent, also known as urinary antiseptic, is medication that can eliminate microorganisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI can be categorized into two primary types: cystitis , which refers to lower urinary tract or bladder infection, and pyelonephritis , which indicates upper urinary tract or kidney infection. [ 1 ]
Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
Purple urine bag syndrome can be diagnosed by medical professionals based on a patient's medical history, symptoms, and the results of their laboratory tests. This is a relatively rare diagnosis that is usually sparked by patients and healthcare providers noticing that a patient's urine collection bag from a catheter has become discolored and ...
5 days- up to a week [10] up to 90 days: 1 to 3 days [10] MDMA (Ecstasy) 3 to 5 days: up to 90 days: 3 to 4 days Barbiturates (except phenobarbital) 1–4 days or 2–3 weeks: up to 90 days: 1 to 2 days Phenobarbital: 2 to 3 weeks [11] up to 90 days: 4 to 7 days Benzodiazepines: Therapeutic use: up to 7 days. Chronic use (over one year): 4 to 6 ...