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Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock composed principally of the silicate minerals plagioclase feldspar (typically andesine), biotite, hornblende, and sometimes pyroxene.The chemical composition of diorite is intermediate, between that of mafic gabbro and felsic granite.
The way a mineral splits (or “cleaves”), particularly along planes in the crystal structure. Cleavage is generally described by. how well a mineral can be split to produce a flat plane, a process controlled by planes of weakness in the crystal structure. the number of distinct directions of these cleavage planes; the angles between those ...
Given the requirement of water, clay minerals are relatively rare in the Solar System, though they occur extensively on Earth where water has interacted with other minerals and organic matter. Clay minerals have been detected at several locations on Mars , [ 15 ] including Echus Chasma , Mawrth Vallis , the Memnonia quadrangle and the Elysium ...
The name comes from two related rocks to which granodiorite is an intermediate: granite and diorite. The gran-root comes from the Latin grānum for "grain", an English language derivative. Diorite is named after the contrasting colors of the rock.
The presence of water vapor has been shown to lower the solidus temperature of anorthositic magma to more reasonable values, but most anorthosites are relatively dry. It may be postulated, then, that water vapor be driven off by subsequent metamorphism of the anorthosite, but some anorthosites are undeformed, thereby invalidating the suggestion.
On the contrary, the largest crystals are often found on the margins of the pegmatite body. While aplites are sometimes found on the margins, they are as likely to occur within the body of the pegmatite. The crystals are never aligned in a way that would indicate flow, but are perpendicular to the walls. This implies formation in a static ...
False-color scanning electron microscope image of kimberlite from South Africa. Olivine crystals (green) are in a fine-grained matrix made up of clay minerals and carbonates (presented in blue, purple and buff colors). Kimberlite is an igneous rock and a rare variant of peridotite. It is most commonly known to be the main host matrix for diamonds.
Chert varies greatly in color, from white to black, but is most often found as gray, brown, grayish brown and light green to rusty red [9] [10] and occasionally as dark green. [11] Its color is an expression of trace elements present in the rock. Both red and green are most often related to traces of iron in its oxidized and reduced forms ...