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The term quantum dot first appeared in a paper first authored by Mark Reed in 1986. [139] According to Brus, the term "quantum dot" was coined by Daniel S. Chemla while they were working at Bell Labs. [140]
A team at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands creates a device that can manipulate the "up" or "down" spin-states of electrons on quantum dots. [63] The University of Arkansas develops quantum dot molecules. [64] The spinning new theory on particle spin brings science closer to quantum computing. [65]
Alexey Ekimov or Aleksey Yekimov [1] (Russian: Алексей Екимов; born 1945) is a Russian [2] solid state physicist and a pioneer in nanomaterials research. He discovered the semiconductor nanocrystals known as quantum dots in 1981, while working at the Vavilov State Optical Institute.
Brus is a foundational figure in the research and development of quantum dots. Quantum dots are tiny semiconducting crystals whose nanoscale size gives them unique optical and electronic properties. [5] Brus was independently the first to synthesize them in a solution in 1982.
He coined the term quantum dots, [4] for demonstrating the first zero-dimensional electronic device that had fully quantized energy states. Reed did research in electronic transport in nanoscale and mesoscopic systems, artificially structured materials and devices, molecular electronics, biosensors and bioelectronic systems, and nanofluidics ...
Some scientists begin to hypothesize the possible existence of another fundamental particle. Erich Hückel redefines the property of aromaticity in a quantum mechanical context by introducing the 4n+2 rule, or Hückel's rule, which predicts whether an organic planar ring molecule will have aromatic properties.
Efros is the co-discoverer of semiconducting nanocrystals known as quantum dots. [1] Efros graduated as a physical engineer in 1973 from the Leningrad Technological Institute and received his doctorate there in 1978. He was a scientist at the Ioffe Institute in Leningrad from 1981 to 1990, at which time he moved to the West. [1] [2]
The New Quantum Age: From Bell's Theorem to Quantum Computation and Teleportation, Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-19-958913-5; Stephen Hawking. The Dreams that Stuff is Made of, Running Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-76-243434-3; A. Douglas Stone. Einstein and the Quantum, the Quest of the Valiant Swabian, Princeton University Press, 2006.