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Shafi'i school of thought was founded in Baghdad by Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i (150 AH/766 AD - 204 AH/820 AD) and subsequently expanded in Egypt. [ 7 ] Hanbali school of thought was founded in Baghdad by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (164 AH/780 AD - 241 AH/855 AD).
Criticism of the Hanafi approach to hadith prompted Mamluk Hanafi scholars to treat the subject in more detail. [48] In his legal commentary Fath al-Qadir , the Mamluk jurist Ibn al-Humam ( d. 861/1457 ) engages with the traditionists' approach to hadith criticism, [ 49 ] and attempts to navigate the associated legal consequences. [ 50 ]
The Epistle on Legal Theory: A Translation of Al-Shafi'i's Risalah. Translated by Lowry, Joseph E. New York University Press. ISBN 9781479855445. JSTOR j.ctt17mvkhj. Cilardo, Agostino (2014). "Shafiʽi Fiqh". In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God. ABC-CLIO.
Whereas before the twentieth century differences among the Hanafi, and Shafi legal schools, and between the Sunnis, Zaydis, and Ibadi "sectarian scholars" were important; in modern times the significant cleavage in many Islamic legal and political issues (including the forbidding of wrong and commanding of right), is:
Al-Shafi'i traveled to Baghdad to study with Abu Hanifah's acolyte al-Shaybani and others. [20] It was here that he developed his first school, influenced by the teachings of both Abu Hanifah and Malik. [citation needed] His work thus became known as "al-madhhab al-qadim li-l-imam al-shafi'i", or the "old school of al-Shafi'i". [citation needed]
10th century Shi'ite scholar Ibn al-Nadim named eight groups: Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi'i, Zahiri, Imami Shi'ite, Ahl al-Hadith, Jariri and Kharijite. [20] [23] Abu Thawr also had a school named after him. In the 12th century Jariri and Zahiri schools were absorbed by the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools respectively. [24]
All jurists comprising Ja'fari, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanafi and Hanbali are unanimous on the permissibility of tawassul whether during the lifetime of Muhammad or after his death. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] Syrian Islamic scholars Salih al-Nu`man, Abu Sulayman Suhayl al-Zabibi, and Mustafa ibn Ahmad al-Hasan al-Shatti al-Hanbali al-Athari al-Dimashqi have ...
Muhammad Shafi Deobandi (25 January 1897-6 October 1976) Syed Muhammad Ishaq (1915-1977) Mufti Mahmud (1919-1980) Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi (2 February 1898-24 May 1982) Shah Abd al-Wahhab (1894-2 June 1982) Ibrahim Chatuli (1894-1984) Faiz-ul Hassan Shah (1911-23 February 1984) Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi (1908-1985) Harun Babunagari (1902-1986)