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Naturally occurring neodymium (60 Nd) is composed of five stable isotopes— 142 Nd, 143 Nd, 145 Nd, 146 Nd and 148 Nd, with 142 Nd being the most abundant (27.2% of the natural abundance)—and two radioisotopes with extremely long half-lives, 144 Nd (alpha decay with a half-life (t 1/2) of 2.29 × 10 15 years) and 150 Nd (double beta decay, t ...
Neodymium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal neodymium (Nd). In these compounds, neodymium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as NdCl 3, Nd 2 (SO 4) 3 and Nd(CH 3 COO) 3. Compounds with neodymium in the +2 oxidation state are also known, such as NdCl 2 and NdI 2. Some neodymium compounds have colors that vary ...
That Nd 2 Fe 14 B maintains magnetic order up to beyond room temperature has been attributed to the Fe present in the material stabilising magnetic order on the Nd sub-lattice. [15] Special neodymium magnet alloys that include terbium and dysprosium have been developed that have higher Curie temperature, allowing them to tolerate higher ...
Neodymium-doped yttrium calcium oxoborate Nd:Y Ca 4 O(BO 3) 3 or simply Nd:YCOB ~1.060 μm (~530 nm at second harmonic) laser diode Nd:YCOB is a so-called "self-frequency doubling" or SFD laser material which is both capable of lasing and which has nonlinear characteristics suitable for second harmonic generation. Such materials have the ...
CC BY-ND 1.0 [6] A Briefer History of Time: 1999: 2004 [7] science humor book by Eric Schulman: CC BY-ND-NC 1.0: Archimedes Palimpsest: 3rd century BC: 2008: reconstructed and released by OPenn as Free Cultural Works: CC BY [8] [9] [10] Free Culture: 2004: by Lawrence Lessig (the first CC licensed book released by a major mainstream publisher ...
The internal structure of a sample can be examined for a volumetric inspection with penetrating radiation (RT), such as X-rays, neutrons or gamma radiation. Sound waves are utilized in the case of ultrasonic testing (UT), another volumetric NDT method – the mechanical signal (sound) being reflected by conditions in the test article and ...
The PR64 specimen sold via Heritage Auctions in 2014 for nearly $3.3 million, while a PR63-graded example sold for almost $3.2 million in 2013 via the same auction house.
Laser rods (from left to right): Ruby, Alexandrite, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG The active laser medium (also called a gain medium or lasing medium ) is the source of optical gain within a laser . The gain results from the stimulated emission of photons through electronic or molecular transitions to a lower energy state from a higher energy state previously ...