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Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in ...
One of Pavlov’s dogs with a saliva-catch container and tube surgically implanted in its muzzle, Pavlov Museum, 2005. The history of animal testing goes back to the writings of the Ancient Greeks in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, with Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Erasistratus (304–258 BCE) one of the first documented to perform experiments on nonhuman animals. [1]
Rodents have been employed in biomedical experimentation from the 1650s. [1] Rodent studies up to the early 19th century were mainly physiological or toxicological.The first rodent behavioral study was carried out in 1822, a purely observational study [2], while quantitative rodent behavioral testing began in the late 19th century [1] [2].
Experiments on vertebrate animals in the European Union are since January 1, 2013. [1] [2] subject to Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, which was finalized in November 2010 and updated and replaced the Directive 86/609/EEC on the protection of Animals used for Experimental and other scientific purposes, adopted in 1986. [3]
Sitting on almost 200 acres near Shreveport, Louisiana, is Chimp Haven — a place where chimpanzees once used in research go to "retire." Most of the more than 300 hairy residents served as ...
Fortrea primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004–05. Most of the NHPs used are one of three species of macaques, accounting for 79% of all primates used in research in the UK, and 63% of all federally funded research grants for projects using primates in the U.S. [25] Lesser numbers of marmosets, tamarins, spider monkeys, owl monkeys, vervet monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and baboons are used ...
Country Date Law Statute Refs Austria: 2012 Animal Experiments Act 2012 [b]: An animal experiment is in any case unlawful if the animal experiment is on any species and subspecies of the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla spp), and on any species and subspecies of the families orangutans (Pongo [c]) and gibbons (Hylobatidae).
Doctors Against Animal Experiments (DAAE; Ärzte gegen Tierversuche) is an animal rights organization based in Cologne, which campaigns for the complete abolition of animal testing under the motto "Medical progress is important - animal testing is the wrong way".