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The Fourth Geneva Convention only concerns protected civilians in occupied territory rather than the effects of hostilities, such as the strategic bombing during World War II. [ 4 ] The 1977 Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions (AP-1) prohibits all intentional attacks on "the civilian population and civilian objects."
A facsimile of the signature-and-seals page of The 1864 Geneva Convention, which established humane rules of war. The original document in single pages, 1864 [1]. The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
The Geneva Conventions, which were most recently revised in 1949, consist of seven individual treaties which are open to ratification or accession by any sovereign state. They are: The Geneva Conventions. First Geneva Convention; Second Geneva Convention; Third Geneva Convention; Fourth Geneva Convention; Additional Protocols Protocol I ...
The judgment quoted the 1958 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention: "Every person in enemy hands must be either a prisoner of war and, as such, be covered by the Third Convention; or a civilian covered by the Fourth Convention.
These Geneva Conventions would come into force, in no small part, because of a general reaction against the practices of the Second World War. Although the Fourth Geneva Convention attempted to erect some legal defenses for civilians in time of war, the bulk of the Fourth Convention devoted to explicating civilian rights in occupied territories ...
These "rules of war" come down to a simple guiding principle. "Go back to the rules of kindergarten, which essentially were, do unto others as you would like done unto you," said Brett Bruen ...
In case the Fourth Geneva Convention is applicable, protected persons can leave the territory, unless it will be contrary to the interests of the belligerent state (i.e. men of fighting age). [57] Protected person shall have the possibility to appeal against the refusal of permission to leave the territory.
Former UN official Mukesh Kapila writes on why it’s pretty much impossible to protect civilians in urban warfare, where there’s no clear frontline and fighters and non-combatants are intermingled.