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The Fourth Geneva Convention only concerns protected civilians in occupied territory rather than the effects of hostilities, such as the strategic bombing during World War II. [4] The 1977 Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions (AP-1) prohibits all intentional attacks on "the civilian population and civilian objects."
The Third Geneva Convention "relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War" replaced the 1929 Geneva Convention that dealt with prisoners of war. [21] In addition to these three conventions, the conference also added a new elaborate Fourth Geneva Convention "relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War".
In 1977, Protocol I was adopted as an amendment to the Geneva Conventions, prohibiting the deliberate or indiscriminate attack of civilians and civilian objects, even if the area contained military objectives, and the attacking force must take precautions and steps to spare the lives of civilians and civilian objects as possible. However ...
According to the Fourth Geneva Convention, the rights of protected civilian persons are absolute and inalienable. As a consequence, parties of armed conflicts can not conclude special agreement that will "adversely affect the situation of protected persons"; [50] protected persons can not renounce to their rights; [51]
Former UN official Mukesh Kapila writes on why it’s pretty much impossible to protect civilians in urban warfare, where there’s no clear frontline and fighters and non-combatants are intermingled.
Under the Rules of Engagement and the Geneva Convention, unless a person is positively identified as being a combatant, they should be considered a civilian and treated accordingly. As the alternative view would be that Mr Zaher was not an unlawful combatant but a civilian, the reviewing lawyer also considered whether the soldiers could rely on ...
Internationally accepted rules of armed conflict emerged out of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, which have been ratified by all U.N. member states and supplemented by rulings at international war ...
The Geneva Conventions, which were most recently revised in 1949, consist of seven individual treaties which are open to ratification or accession by any sovereign state. They are: The Geneva Conventions. First Geneva Convention; Second Geneva Convention; Third Geneva Convention; Fourth Geneva Convention; Additional Protocols Protocol I ...