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For many autistic people, characteristics first appear during infancy or childhood and follow a steady course without remission (different developmental timelines are described in more detail below). [75] Autistic people may be severely impaired in some respects but average, or even superior, in others. [76] [77] [78]
The term "high-functioning autism" was used in a manner similar to Asperger syndrome, another outdated classification.The defining characteristic recognized by psychologists was a significant delay in the development of early speech and language skills, before the age of three years. [12]
Classic autism, also known as childhood autism, autistic disorder, or Kanner's syndrome, is a formerly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, activities, and interests.
Autistic characteristics tend to become less obvious in adulthood, [22] but social and communication difficulties usually persist. [23] In 2015, Asperger syndrome was estimated to affect 37.2 million people globally, or about 0.5% of the population. [9] The exact percentage of people affected has still not been firmly established. [19]
The impaired social skills can be likely to interfere with the interview process—and people with often superior skills can be passed over due to these conflicts with interviewers. Once hired, autistic people may continue to have difficulty with interpersonal communications. [55] Homelessness is very common among autistic people. [55]
Behavioral characteristics distinguish autistic people who remain employed from those who do not, with women having more difficulty finding employment than men. [92] An American study of 254 autistic adults showed that those who disclosed their diagnosis to their employer were three times more likely to be hired than those who did not. [66]