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Taurine (/ ˈ t ɔː r iː n /), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues. [1] It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight.
Hypotaurine is a sulfinic acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of taurine. Like taurine, it also acts as an endogenous neurotransmitter via action on the glycine receptors. [1] It is an osmolyte with antioxidant properties. [2] Hypotaurine is derived from cysteine (and homocysteine). In mammals, the biosynthesis of hypotaurine from ...
In enzymology, a hypotaurine dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. hypotaurine + H 2 O + NAD + taurine + NADH + H +. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are hypotaurine, H 2 O, and NAD +, whereas its 3 products are taurine, NADH, and H +.
In the decomposition of taurine, it has been shown that molecular oxygen is activated by Iron II, which lies in the coordinating complex of taurine dioxygenase. [2] Here the enzyme with conjunction of an Iron II and 2-oxoglutarate maintain non-covalent bonds by electrostatic interactions, and coordinate a nucleophilic attack from dioxygen on 2-oxoglutarate carbon number 2. [3]
In enzymology, a taurine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.99.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction.. taurine + H 2 O + acceptor sulfoacetaldehyde + NH 3 + reduced acceptor. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are taurine, H 2 O, and acceptor, whereas its 3 products are sulfoacetaldehyde, NH 3, and reduced acceptor.
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N-Acetyltaurine is a direct alcohol biomarker which represents the oxidative pathway of ethanol metabolism. Other direct alcohol biomarkers such as fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, and phosphatidylethanol reflect the non-oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism, based on conjunction reactions (biotransformation).
The synthesis of N-methyltaurine was reported as early as 1878, [4] with methylamine being reacted with the silver salt of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid. An obvious modification for this reaction is the replacement of the silver salt of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid by the sodium salt of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid. [5]