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[81] 25 December was the date of the winter solstice in the Roman calendar. [77] The Calendar of Antiochus of Athens, c. 2nd century AD, marks 25 December as the "birthday of the Sun". [82] The following century, from AD 274, the Roman festival Dies Natalis Solis Invicti (birthday of Sol Invictus, the 'Invincible Sun') was held on 25 December. [77]
The earliest document to place Jesus's birthday on December 25 is the Chronograph of 354 (also called the Calendar of Filocalus), which also names it as the birthday of Sol Invictus (the 'Invincible Sun').
[h] The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually, generally on 25 December, [i] as Christmas. His crucifixion is honoured on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday . The world's most widely used calendar era —in which the current year is AD 2025 (or 2025 CE )—is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus .
In a sermon delivered in Antioch on December 25, c. 386, John Chrysostom provides specific information about the feast there, stating that the feast had existed for about 10 years. [113] By around 385 the feast for the birth of Jesus was distinct from that of the Baptism and was held on December 25 in Constantinople, Nyssa and Amaseia.
He may have also been influenced by the idea that Jesus had died on the anniversary of his conception; [12] because Jesus died during Passover and, in the third century AD, Passover was celebrated on 25 March, [12] he may have assumed that Jesus's birthday must have come nine months later, on 25 December. [12]
[45] [59] [60] The Calendar of Filocalus (c.336 AD) is the earliest record of both the Natalis Invicti and Christ's birthday being marked on December 25. Steven Hijmans argues that the earliest certain evidence for a festival of Sol Invictus on December 25 is from Julian, thirty years later; he suggests that the pagan feast might have been a ...
With the world's annual celebration of his birth mere weeks away, it turns out one of the most revered figures who ever walked the Earth likely didn't look like the pictures of him.
December 25 was a Wednesday in 3 BC, and March 25 was a Friday in AD 29. [187] The Liber Generationis, a work found alongside Hippolytus work, states that Jesus lived 30 years and gives an interval of 206 between the Passion and the "present day", which was the year 5738 after Adam, the 13th of Severus Alexander [AD 234]. This implies a birth ...