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The radial artery arises from the bifurcation of the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.It runs distally on the anterior part of the forearm. There, it serves as a landmark for the division between the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm, with the posterior compartment beginning just lateral to the artery.
These terms describe location as palmar and plantar; For example, volar pads are those on the underside of hands or fingers; the plantar surface describes the sole of the heel, foot or toes. Similarly, in the forearm, for clarity, the sides are named after the bones.
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If one were to fully extend the thumb and draw a line from the distal border of the thumb across the palm, this would be the level of the superficial palmar arch (Boeckel's line). The deep palmar arch is about a finger width proximal to this. The connection between the deep and superficial palmar arterial arches is an example of anastomosis. [1]
The volar branch (ramus volaris; anterior branch) descends along the radial border of the forearm to the wrist, and supplies the skin over the lateral half of its volar surface. At the wrist-joint it is placed in front of the radial artery, and some filaments, piercing the deep fascia, accompany that vessel to the dorsal surface of the carpus.
It passes down the forearm on the palmar surface of the interosseous membrane. [2]It is accompanied by the palmar interosseous branch of the median nerve, and overlapped by the contiguous margins of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles, giving off in this situation muscular branches, and the nutrient arteries of the radius and ulna.
Alternative names for these arteries are: [1] common volar digital arteries, [2] ulnar metacarpal arteries, arteriae digitales palmares communes, [3] or aa. digitales volares communes. [ 4 ] Each of these arteries receive the corresponding volar metacarpal artery and then divide into a pair of proper palmar digital arteries ( q.v. ).
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. [1] The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word which is used to describe the entire appendage of the upper limb, but which in anatomy, technically, means only the region of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is called the forearm.