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Seven of the nine colonial colleges began their histories as institutions of higher learning while existing preparatory schools developed two. Dartmouth College began operating in 1768 as the collegiate department of Moor's Charity School, a secondary school started in 1754 by Dartmouth founder Eleazar Wheelock. Dartmouth considers its founding ...
The trustees of the Academy of Philadelphia, later the University of Pennsylvania, established the first medical school in the colonies in 1765, becoming the first university in the colonies. [71] In New York, the medical department of King's College was established in 1767, and in 1770 it was awarded the first American M.D. degree. [81]
Education in the Thirteen Colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries varied considerably. Public school systems existed only in New England. In the 18th Century, the Puritan emphasis on literacy largely influenced the significantly higher literacy rate (70 percent of men) of the Thirteen Colonies, mainly New England, in comparison to Britain (40 percent of men) and France (29 percent of men).
The new university introduced new teaching methods such as lectures and seminars. It made graduate school training, culminating in the PhD, the mark of the true scholar. The doctoral dissertation required students to create new knowledge, preferably through experimental methods or research in original sources.
The Freedmen's School of Edisto Island, South Carolina photographed c. 1865. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts was a Church of England missionary society that sent workers to the colonies to educate the white children, and also to reach out to "heathens" such as the slaves. The teaching mission was to teach how to ...
The southern colonies held the belief that the family had the responsibility of educating their children, mirroring the common belief in Europe. Wealthy families either used tutors and governesses from Britain or sent children to school in England. By the 1700s, university students based in the colonies began to act as tutors. [89]
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By the mid-19th century, the role of the schools had expanded to such an extent that many of the educational tasks traditionally handled by parents became the responsibility of the schools. [3] [4] First Boston Latin School house. All the New England colonies required towns to set up schools.