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  2. Nicolaus Copernicus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus

    Copernicus's four years at Kraków played an important role in the development of his critical faculties and initiated his analysis of logical contradictions in the two "official" systems of astronomy—Aristotle's theory of homocentric spheres, and Ptolemy's mechanism of eccentrics and epicycles—the surmounting and discarding of which would ...

  3. History of gravitational theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../History_of_gravitational_theory

    The 12th-century scholar Al-Khazini suggested that the gravity an object contains varies depending on its distance from the centre of the universe (referring to the centre of the Earth). Al-Biruni and Al-Khazini studied the theory of the centre of gravity, and generalized and applied it to three-dimensional bodies.

  4. Copernican principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_principle

    While the Copernican principle is derived from the negation of past assumptions, such as geocentrism, heliocentrism, or galactocentrism which state that humans are at the center of the universe, the Copernican principle is stronger than acentrism, which merely states that humans are not at the center of the universe. The Copernican principle ...

  5. Copernican Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernican_Revolution

    While Copernicus's work sparked the "Copernican Revolution", it did not mark its end. In fact, Copernicus's own system had multiple shortcomings that would have to be amended by later astronomers. Copernicus did not only come up with a theory regarding the nature of the Sun in relation to the Earth, but thoroughly worked to debunk some of the ...

  6. History of the center of the Universe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_center_of...

    Nicolaus Copernicus' major theory of a heliocentric model was published in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in 1543, the year of his death, though he had formulated the theory several decades earlier. Copernicus' ideas were not immediately accepted, but they did begin a paradigm shift away from ...

  7. Commentariolus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commentariolus

    The Commentariolus (Little Commentary) is Nicolaus Copernicus's brief outline of an early version of his revolutionary heliocentric theory of the universe. [1] After further long development of his theory, Copernicus published the mature version in 1543 in his landmark work, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres).

  8. Three-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body_problem

    The circular restricted three-body problem [clarification needed] is a valid approximation of elliptical orbits found in the Solar System, [citation needed] and this can be visualized as a combination of the potentials due to the gravity of the two primary bodies along with the centrifugal effect from their rotation (Coriolis effects are ...

  9. Wittenberg interpretation of Copernicus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittenberg_interpretation...

    Rheticus's time visiting Copernicus allowed for his theory to become known since he was able to push Copernicus into publishing his work to be read by others. [ 4 ] Wittenberg textbooks emphasized the problems of the Copernican theory and how it related to the calendar, lunar motion, and the rejection of the equant . [ 4 ]