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A descending flight path in the direction of landing along the extended runway centerline from the base leg to the runway. The last section of the final approach is sometimes referred to as short final. Departure leg, Initial, [4] or Climb out. The climbing flight path along the extended runway centerline which begins at takeoff and continues ...
An approach slope is the path that an aircraft follows on its final approach to land on a runway. It is ideally a gentle downward slope. A commonly used approach slope is 3° from the horizontal. However, some airports have a steeper approach slope because of topography, buildings, or other considerations.
Some airports serving long-bodied aircraft have three-bar VASIs that provide two visual glide paths to the same runway. The first glide path encountered is the same as provided by the standard VASI. The second glide path is about 25 percent higher than the first and is designed for the use of pilots of long-bodied aircraft. [6]
A precision approach path indicator (PAPI) is a system of lights on the side of an airport runway threshold that provides visual descent guidance information during final approach. It is generally located on the left-hand side of the runway approximately 300 metres (980 ft) beyond the landing threshold of the runway.
ILS planes. An instrument landing system operates as a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision lateral and vertical guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe landing during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), such as low ceilings or reduced ...
Emission patterns of the localizer and glide slope signals Glide slope station for runway 09R at Hannover Airport in Germany. In aviation, instrument landing system glide path, commonly referred to as a glide path (G/P) or glide slope (G/S), is "a system of vertical guidance embodied in the instrument landing system which indicates the vertical deviation of the aircraft from its optimum path ...
Localizer as component of an ILS (KMEZ runway 27, Mena, Arkansas) Emission patterns of the localizer and glide path signals. An instrument landing system localizer, or simply localizer (LOC, [1] or LLZ prior to 2007 [2]), is a system of horizontal guidance in the instrument landing system, which is used to guide aircraft along the axis of the runway.
Visual Glide Slope Indicator or Visual Glideslope Indicator (VGSI) is a ground device that uses lights to assist a pilot in landing an airplane at an airport.The lights define a vertical approach path during the final approach to a runway and can help the pilot determine if the airplane is too high or too low for an optimum landing.