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In medieval Europe, there was no anarchistic activity except some ascetic religious movements. These, and other Muslim movements, later gave birth to religious anarchism . In the Sasanian Empire , Mazdak called for an egalitarian society and the abolition of monarchy , only to be soon executed by Emperor Kavad I . [ 31 ]
By this definition, anarchy represents not only an absence of government but also an absence of governance. This connection of anarchy with chaos usually assumes that, without government, no means of governance exist and thus that disorder is an unavoidable outcome of anarchy. [12]
Anarchism and libertarianism, as broad political ideologies with manifold historical and contemporary meanings, have contested definitions. Their adherents have a pluralistic and overlapping tradition that makes precise definition of the political ideology difficult or impossible, compounded by a lack of common features, differing priorities of subgroups, lack of academic acceptance, and ...
Anarchy; Anarchist Black Cross; Anarchist criminology; Anationalism; Anti-authoritarianism; Anti-capitalism; Anti-militarism; Affinity group; Autonomous social center
Anarchy; Anarchist Black Cross; Anarchist criminology; Anationalism; Anti-authoritarianism; Anti-capitalism; Anti-militarism; Affinity group; Autonomous social center
Characterised by its loose definition and ideological diversity, [32] social anarchism has lent itself to syncretism, both drawing from and influencing other ideological critiques of oppression, [33] and giving way to a number of different anarchist schools of thought. [34]
Other anarchistic religious movements in Europe during the Middle Ages included the Hussites and Adamites. [32] 20th-century historian James Joll described anarchism as two opposing sides. In the Middle Ages, zealotic and ascetic religious movements emerged, which rejected institutions, laws and the established order.
Anarchy; Anarchist Black Cross; Anarchist criminology; Anationalism; Anti-authoritarianism; Anti-capitalism; Anti-militarism; Affinity group; Autonomous social center